Bioinformatics Database
MKI67: Marker of proliferation Ki-67
Cellular Process
Cap stage of tooth development
Gene Name
MKI67: Marker of proliferation Ki-67
Gene ID
4288
Gene Sequence
General Description
This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is associated with and may be necessary for cellular proliferation.
Alternative titles; symbols
PROLIFERATION-RELATED Ki-67 ANTIGEN; KI67 ANTIGEN IDENTIFIED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY Ki-67; KIA MIB1 ANTIGEN; MIB1
Chromosome
Chromosome 10
Cytogenetic location
10q26.2
Encoded Protein
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 isoform 1
Function of the protein in oral and tooth development
Ki-67 is used as a standard for cell proliferation marker. A study by Bologna-Molina et al. (2018) aimed to examine the expression of Syndecan-1 and Ki-67 proliferation index in Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) and normal tooth germs to better understand the biological behavior of this tumor. The study showed similar expression of Ki-67 in POT and the primary stages of tooth development. The authors included tooth germs form late cap and early bell stage in their study and found that Ki-67 is differentailly expressed in in epithelial and mesenchymal cells, exhibiting greater expression in the subepithelial region in the areas of mesenchymal condensation (Bologna-Molina et al., 2018).
In anotehr study, Bologna-Molina et al., (2018B) studied the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 proteins in ameloblastomas and tooth germs. The results showed The differences of Mismatch repair proteins (MMRPs) and Ki-67 immunoexpression between ameloblastomas and tooth germ suggest that alterations in the mismatch repair mechanisms affecting the the biological behavior of ameloblastomas.
Dental and Oral Diseases
Protein Sequence
>NP_002408.3 proliferation marker protein Ki-67 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]
MWPTRRLVTIKRSGVDGPHFPLSLSTCLFGRGIECDIRIQLPVVSKQHCKIEIHEQEAILHNFSSTNPTQ
VNGSVIDEPVRLKHGDVITIIDRSFRYENESLQNGRKSTEFPRKIREQEPARRVSRSSFSSDPDEKAQDS
KAYSKITEGKVSGNPQVHIKNVKEDSTADDSKDSVAQGTTNVHSSEHAGRNGRNAADPISGDFKEISSVK
LVSRYGELKSVPTTQCLDNSKKNESPFWKLYESVKKELDVKSQKENVLQYCRKSGLQTDYATEKESADGL
QGETQLLVSRKSRPKSGGSGHAVAEPASPEQELDQNKGKGRDVESVQTPSKAVGASFPLYEPAKMKTPVQ
YSQQQNSPQKHKNKDLYTTGRRESVNLGKSEGFKAGDKTLTPRKLSTRNRTPAKVEDAADSATKPENLSS
KTRGSIPTDVEVLPTETEIHNEPFLTLWLTQVERKIQKDSLSKPEKLGTTAGQMCSGLPGLSSVDINNFG
DSINESEGIPLKRRRVSFGGHLRPELFDENLPPNTPLKRGEAPTKRKSLVMHTPPVLKKIIKEQPQPSGK
QESGSEIHVEVKAQSLVISPPAPSPRKTPVASDQRRRSCKTAPASSSKSQTEVPKRGGRKSGNLPSKRVS
ISRSQHDILQMICSKRRSGASEANLIVAKSWADVVKLGAKQTQTKVIKHGPQRSMNKRQRRPATPKKPVG
EVHSQFSTGHANSPCTIIIGKAHTEKVHVPARPYRVLNNFISNQKMDFKEDLSGIAEMFKTPVKEQPQLT
STCHIAISNSENLLGKQFQGTDSGEEPLLPTSESFGGNVFFSAQNAAKQPSDKCSASPPLRRQCIRENGN
VAKTPRNTYKMTSLETKTSDTETEPSKTVSTANRSGRSTEFRNIQKLPVESKSEETNTEIVECILKRGQK
ATLLQQRREGEMKEIERPFETYKENIELKENDEKMKAMKRSRTWGQKCAPMSDLTDLKSLPDTELMKDTA
RGQNLLQTQDHAKAPKSEKGKITKMPCQSLQPEPINTPTHTKQQLKASLGKVGVKEELLAVGKFTRTSGE
TTHTHREPAGDGKSIRTFKESPKQILDPAARVTGMKKWPRTPKEEAQSLEDLAGFKELFQTPGPSEESMT
DEKTTKIACKSPPPESVDTPTSTKQWPKRSLRKADVEEEFLALRKLTPSAGKAMLTPKPAGGDEKDIKAF
MGTPVQKLDLAGTLPGSKRQLQTPKEKAQALEDLAGFKELFQTPGHTEELVAAGKTTKIPCDSPQSDPVD
TPTSTKQRPKRSIRKADVEGELLACRNLMPSAGKAMHTPKPSVGEEKDIIIFVGTPVQKLDLTENLTGSK
RRPQTPKEEAQALEDLTGFKELFQTPGHTEEAVAAGKTTKMPCESSPPESADTPTSTRRQPKTPLEKRDV
QKELSALKKLTQTSGETTHTDKVPGGEDKSINAFRETAKQKLDPAASVTGSKRHPKTKEKAQPLEDLAGL
KELFQTPVCTDKPTTHEKTTKIACRSQPDPVDTPTSSKPQSKRSLRKVDVEEEFFALRKRTPSAGKAMHT
PKPAVSGEKNIYAFMGTPVQKLDLTENLTGSKRRLQTPKEKAQALEDLAGFKELFQTRGHTEESMTNDKT
AKVACKSSQPDPDKNPASSKRRLKTSLGKVGVKEELLAVGKLTQTSGETTHTHTEPTGDGKSMKAFMESP
KQILDSAASLTGSKRQLRTPKGKSEVPEDLAGFIELFQTPSHTKESMTNEKTTKVSYRASQPDLVDTPTS
SKPQPKRSLRKADTEEEFLAFRKQTPSAGKAMHTPKPAVGEEKDINTFLGTPVQKLDQPGNLPGSNRRLQ
TRKEKAQALEELTGFRELFQTPCTDNPTTDEKTTKKILCKSPQSDPADTPTNTKQRPKRSLKKADVEEEF
LAFRKLTPSAGKAMHTPKAAVGEEKDINTFVGTPVEKLDLLGNLPGSKRRPQTPKEKAKALEDLAGFKEL
FQTPGHTEESMTDDKITEVSCKSPQPDPVKTPTSSKQRLKISLGKVGVKEEVLPVGKLTQTSGKTTQTHR
ETAGDGKSIKAFKESAKQMLDPANYGTGMERWPRTPKEEAQSLEDLAGFKELFQTPDHTEESTTDDKTTK
IACKSPPPESMDTPTSTRRRPKTPLGKRDIVEELSALKQLTQTTHTDKVPGDEDKGINVFRETAKQKLDP
AASVTGSKRQPRTPKGKAQPLEDLAGLKELFQTPICTDKPTTHEKTTKIACRSPQPDPVGTPTIFKPQSK
RSLRKADVEEESLALRKRTPSVGKAMDTPKPAGGDEKDMKAFMGTPVQKLDLPGNLPGSKRWPQTPKEKA
QALEDLAGFKELFQTPGTDKPTTDEKTTKIACKSPQPDPVDTPASTKQRPKRNLRKADVEEEFLALRKRT
PSAGKAMDTPKPAVSDEKNINTFVETPVQKLDLLGNLPGSKRQPQTPKEKAEALEDLVGFKELFQTPGHT
EESMTDDKITEVSCKSPQPESFKTSRSSKQRLKIPLVKVDMKEEPLAVSKLTRTSGETTQTHTEPTGDSK
SIKAFKESPKQILDPAASVTGSRRQLRTRKEKARALEDLVDFKELFSAPGHTEESMTIDKNTKIPCKSPP
PELTDTATSTKRCPKTRPRKEVKEELSAVERLTQTSGQSTHTHKEPASGDEGIKVLKQRAKKKPNPVEEE
PSRRRPRAPKEKAQPLEDLAGFTELSETSGHTQESLTAGKATKIPCESPPLEVVDTTASTKRHLRTRVQK
VQVKEEPSAVKFTQTSGETTDADKEPAGEDKGIKALKESAKQTPAPAASVTGSRRRPRAPRESAQAIEDL
AGFKDPAAGHTEESMTDDKTTKIPCKSSPELEDTATSSKRRPRTRAQKVEVKEELLAVGKLTQTSGETTH
TDKEPVGEGKGTKAFKQPAKRKLDAEDVIGSRRQPRAPKEKAQPLEDLASFQELSQTPGHTEELANGAAD
SFTSAPKQTPDSGKPLKISRRVLRAPKVEPVGDVVSTRDPVKSQSKSNTSLPPLPFKRGGGKDGSVTGTK
RLRCMPAPEEIVEELPASKKQRVAPRARGKSSEPVVIMKRSLRTSAKRIEPAEELNSNDMKTNKEEHKLQ
DSVPENKGISLRSRRQNKTEAEQQITEVFVLAERIEINRNEKKPMKTSPEMDIQNPDDGARKPIPRDKVT
ENKRCLRSARQNESSQPKVAEESGGQKSAKVLMQNQKGKGEAGNSDSMCLRSRKTKSQPAASTLESKSVQ
RVTRSVKRCAENPKKAEDNVCVKKIRTRSHRDSEDI
Mutations
Related Literature
Bologna-Molina et al. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12733
Bologna-Molina et al., (2018B). Expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in ameloblastomas and tooth germs. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 23(2), e126–e131. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.22210
